Alice Paul war eine US-amerikanische Frauenrechtlerin, die am 11. Januar 1885 geboren wurde und am 9. Juli 1977 verstarb. Gemeinsam mit Lucy Burns führte sie den Kampf um das Frauenwahlrecht in den USA an. Paul wuchs auf einer Farm in Pennsylvania auf, in einer Quäkerfamilie. Ihre Eltern lehrten sie Fleiß und Gleichberechtigung. Schon früh nahm ihre Mutter sie mit zu Versammlungen von Suffragetten. Nach dem Schulabschluss studierte Paul verschiedene Fächer und erwarb mehrere akademische Grade, darunter einen Doktortitel in Soziologie. In England wurde Paul durch den Einfluss von Emmeline Pankhurst zu einer radikaleren Aktivistin. Sie trat der Women’s Social and Political Union bei und engagierte sich in Protestaktionen, die auch zu Verhaftungen und Hungerstreiks führten. Nach ihrer Rückkehr in die USA schloss sie sich der NAWSA an, verfolgte aber bald eigene Wege. Gemeinsam mit Burns gründete Paul die National Woman’s Party, um durch Proteste und Mahnwachen auf das Frauenwahlrecht aufmerksam zu machen. Während des Ersten Weltkriegs wurden Paul und andere Aktivistinnen verhaftet und unter schwierigen Bedingungen inhaftiert. Die brutale Behandlung der Frauen führte zu öffentlicher Kritik und politischem Druck. Schließlich unterstützte Präsident Wilson das Frauenwahlrecht, und der 19. Verfassungszusatz wurde 1920 ratifiziert. Paul setzte sich auch nach der Einführung des Frauenwahlrechts für die Gleichberechtigung ein. Sie entwarf das Equal Rights Amendment, das jedoch nicht in die Verfassung aufgenommen wurde. Sie gründete die World Woman’s Party und engagierte sich in der UN-Kommission für die Rechtsstellung der Frau. Bis ins hohe Alter kämpfte Paul für Frauenrechte und gegen Diskriminierung.
Clipping of parts of front page of The Washington Times, August 19, 1920, after Tennessee ratified the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (women's suffrage amendment)
Studio portrait of Alice Paul in linen dress, seated in rocking chair, window background. Image printed in The Suffragist, 3, no. 52 (Dec. 25, 1915), 6. Captioned: "Miss Alice Paul." Print Photograph 4 x 6 inches.
Alice Paul conferring with English members of newly formed International Advisory Committee of National Woman's Party - at American Woman's Club - in London. Left to Right - Seated - Alice Paul, Elizabeth Robins, Viscountess Rhondda, Dr. Louisa Martindale, Mrs. Virginia Crawford, Dorothy Evans - Standing - Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, Alison Neilans, Florence Underwood, Miss Barry.
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Bildquelle: Alice_Paul_cph.3a38295.jpg Autor: Wikipedia / Unknown authorUnknown author Lizenz: gemeinfrei
The day after the police announce that future pickets would be given limit of 6 mos. in prison, Alice Paul led picket line with banner reading "The time has come to conquer or submit for there is but one choice - we have made it." She is followed by Mrs. Lawrence Lewis [Dora Lewis]. This group received 6 mos. in prison.
Summary: Photograph of Alice Paul standing over ratification banner hanging from the balcony of the National Woman's Party headquarters, with members watching outside the building below.
Photograph published in The Suffragist, 8, no. 8 (Sept. 1920): n.p. Caption: "Upon the word that Tennessee had ratified, Alice Paul unfurled the Woman's Party ratification banner with its thirty-six victory stars, and from the balcony of the headquarters it proclaims the triumph of the cause for which the Woman's Party was founded--the national enfranchisement of the women of America."
Alice Paul is buried in New Jersey and people frequently leave notes at her gravesite to thank her for her life long work in advancing women's rights
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Bildquelle: Alice_Paul-unc-rev.jpg Autor: Wikipedia / United States Mint Lizenz: gemeinfrei
First Spouse Program gold coin for Alice Paul. Reverse.
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Bildquelle: Alice_paul.jpg Autor: Wikipedia / Harris & Ewing, Inc. Lizenz: gemeinfrei
Alice Paul, full-length portrait, standing, facing left, raising glass with right hand.
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Bildquelle: Alice_Paul1913.jpg Autor: Wikipedia / Harris & Ewing Lizenz: gemeinfrei
1913年に撮影された婦人参政権運動家アリス・ポールの写真
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Bildquelle: Alice_Paul1930.jpg Autor: Wikipedia / Harris & Ewing Lizenz: gemeinfrei
Feminists telephone the Hague to determine their status in proposed World Code. The National Woman's Party in Washington was all agog today as Mrs. Harvey W. Wiley telephoned Miss Doris Stevens, chairman of the InterAmerican Commission of Women at the Haugue, to ascertain whether the World Code now being drawn up by the Codification Conference of International Law will be based on sex discrimination. In the photograph, left to right: Miss Anita Pollitzer of South Carolina; Mrs. Harvey W. Wiley; Miss Alice Paul; and Miss Elsie Hill of Connecticut
Text on verso: Kneeling, Miss Alice Paul, vice president of National Woman's Party, and Miss Anita Pollitzer, national secretary, laying a tribute of flowers on the grave of Susan B. Anthony at Mount Hope cemetery, Rochester.
Summary: Informal portrait, full-length, Lucy Branham, facing forward, standing in front of a building and holding a sign, "We Demand That The American Government Give Alice Paul A Political Offender, The Privileges Russia Gave Miyukoff." Lucy G. Branham of Baltimore, Md., an organizer for the NWP, was a graduate of Washington College who earned graduate degrees at Johns Hopkins and Columbia. Branham was arrested picketing Sept. 1917 and sentenced to 60 days in Occoquan Workhouse and District Jail. She was a speaker in the "Prison Special" tour of Feb-Mar 1919. Source: Doris Stevens, Jailed for Freedom (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1920), 355.
Summary: Informal portrait, full-length, Lucy Branham, facing forward, standing in front of a building and holding a sign, "We Demand That The American Government Give Alice Paul A Political Offender, The Privileges Russia Gave Miyukoff." Lucy G. Branham of Baltimore, Md., an organizer for the NWP, was a graduate of Washington College who earned graduate degrees at Johns Hopkins and Columbia. Branham was arrested picketing Sept. 1917 and sentenced to 60 days in Occoquan Workhouse and District Jail. She was a speaker in the "Prison Special" tour of Feb-Mar 1919. Source: Doris Stevens, Jailed for Freedom (New York: Boni and Liveright, 1920), 355.
Caption text says "American and French equal rights leaders at a conference in the gardens of the American University Women's club in Paris include, left to right, Mme. Marie Verone, president of the French League for the Rights of Women; Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont, president of the National Woman's party, and Miss Alice Paul, organizer of international councils for the National Woman's party."
Title: Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, British suffrage leader, and Miss Alice Paul of the National Woman's Party, full-length portrait, standing, Washington, D.C.
Abstract/medium: 1 photographic print.
Alice Paul was a suffragist leader, who fought to gain women the right to vote via ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. She is also the original author of a proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the Constitution in 1923, which to this day remains un-passed.
Officers of the National Woman's Party meeting in Washington to complete the plans for the dedication ceremonies on May 21st of the Party's new national headquarters opposite the Capitol. Alice Paul, New Jersey, vice president, Miss Sue White, Tennessee Chairman, Mrs. Florence Boeckel, executive committee, Miss Mary Winsor, member of the Council, Miss Anita Pollitzer, South Carolina, legislative secretary, Sophie Meredith, Virginia chairman, and Mrs. Richard [Wainwright], District of Columbia, member of the Council.
Officers of the National Woman's Party meeting in Washington to complete the plans for the dedication ceremonies on May 21st of the Party's new national headquarters opposite the Capitol. Alice Paul, New Jersey, vice president, Miss Sue White, Tennessee Chairman, Mrs. Florence Boeckel, exe.
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