Machpiya-luta, geboren am 1. Dezember 1822 in North Platte River, Nebraska, USA, und verstorben am 10. Dezember 1909 in Pine-Ridge-Reservat, South Dakota, USA war Anführer der Bad Faces (Ite Sica), einer militanten Gruppe der Oglala-Lakota-Indianer, und einer der größten militärischen und politischen Führer der Prärie-Indianer.
Red Clouds Mutter war eine Oglala-Lakota, sein Vater ein Brulé-Lakota. Nach dem frühen Tod seines Vaters wurde er von seinem Onkel, Häuptling Smoke, großgezogen.
Red Cloud weigerte sich, den Vertrag von Fort Laramie 1868 zu unterzeichnen, solange die Forts entlang des Bozeman-Trails von der Armee nicht geräumt wurden. Er bekämpfte jeden Versuch der Weißen, eine Eisenbahnlinie durch das Powder-River-Gebiet zu bauen, und war dabei so erfolgreich, dass die Auseinandersetzung nach ihm Red-Cloud-Krieg genannt wurde. 1870 kam er erstmals nach Washington D. C.; von da an setzte er sich für den Frieden ein.
Title: Chief Red Cloud Oglala / photographed by William Cross 1881 or 1882. Abstract/medium: 1 photograph : albumen print on cabinet card mount ; photo 14.2 x 10.2 cm, on mount 16.5 x 10.8 cm.
Handwritten on verso of image: Edmond S. Meany, Red Cloud, and Friends. [Possibly Red Cloud, Oglala chief]. Filed in Meany Collection, Box 1/4 Edmond S. Meany (1862-1935) was born in East Saginaw, Michigan. He moved west with his family, arriving in Seattle in 1877. At the time, the University of Washington was still the Territorial University; Meany graduated from it as valedictorian of his class of 1885 with a bachelors degree in science. He obtained a masters degree in science in 1889. He also married Sarah Elizabeth Ward on May 1, 1889. During this period, Meany had earned a living in newspaper delivery. Soon he had worked his way up in the newspaper business to become editor and publisher for the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. By 1890, Meany had started his own news service called the Washington State News Bureau, and had been hired as press agent to represent Washington State at the Worlds Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Meany served as a Washington State legislator during the 1891 and 1893 sessions. He initiated legislation that set aside 355 acres to be used for the new campus of the University of Washington. Meany was instrumental in bringing the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition to the Universitys campus in 1909. This led to the clearing of portions of the new campus for the construction of buildings, some of which later were used by the University. Meany was an indefatigable historian and collector, a prolific writer, a prominent and popular civic leader. He was perhaps the most influential and beloved figure of the Universitys history. In 1894, Meany became the UWs first registrar while also holding positions as an instructor and secretary to the UW Board of Regents. Meany was particularly interested in Pacific Northwest history, especially Washington State history, on which he wrote many books and countless articles and speeches. In 1897, he became a full professor and head of the UW history department, teaching courses in forestry, American history, and Pacific Northwest history. Through his research, he became a collector of documents and photographs important to the history of the region. In 1929, he donated most of these rare and important documents to the UW library. During the last 25 years of his life, Meany collected materials on many early Washington pioneers. He amassed thousands of items, ranging from simple obituary notices to lengthy reminiscences by pioneers in letters or on specially devised forms. With the help of research assistant Victor J. Farrar, Meany conducted interviews and created extensive files on these pioneers Subjects (LCTGM): Historians--Washington (State)--Seattle; Legislators--Washington (State)--Seattle; Authors--Washington (State)--Seattle; Tribal chiefs--United States Subjects (LCSH): Meany, Edmond S. (Edmond Stephen), 1862-1935; College teachers--Washington (State)--Seattle; Authors--Washington (State)--Seattle; Red Cloud, 1822-1909; Oglala Indians--Kings and rulers; Portraits, Group--Washington (State)--Seattle
Two Oglala chiefs, American Horse (wearing western clothing and gun-in-holster) and Red Cloud (wearing headdress), full-length portrait, facing front, shaking hands in front of tipi--probably on or near Pine Ridge Reservation.
Red Cloud and Othniel Charles Marsh by Frank Bowman, 1883, albumen silver print, from the National Portrait Gallery which has explicitly released this digital image under the CC0 license. (https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.93.133)
Red Cloud, black and white photograph by the American photographer John K. Hillers (1843-1925), published by Charles M. Bell. The portrait of the chief of the Oglala Lakota Sioux was taken at Washington, D.C. 25.2 cm x 41.4 cm. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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